This article seeks to formulate the process of social action by relying on the views of Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and applying an analytical-descriptive method. To this end, and with consideration of Sadr's perspectives, concepts such as "sovereign agency (al-fā'iliyyah bi-al-salṭanah)," "the sovereignty of the agent," "the social context as a material cause," "preferential logic (manṭiq-i tarjīḥī)," have been explicated. The findings of this research indicate that by proposing the Theory of Sovereignty (al-salṭanah) and situating the agent outside the framework of causal necessity, Sadr considers the factors affecting action to be non-deterministic. According to his view, social action can be explained through a five-component algorithm, whose components are arranged not as a linear and necessary chain, but as a non-linear and interactive network. The components of this algorithm are: a set of reasons for action, the formation of probabilistic tendencies with unequal weights, the exercise of the agent’s capacity, the formation of intention (qaṣd), and finally, the performance of the action through the agent’s sovereignty. Within this framework, the agent, by utilizing the structured capacity of the social context—comprising subjective (dhihniyyah) and intersubjective elements—and by exercising control and sovereignty, engages in free and probabilistic choice.