This study systematically and deeply examines the anthropological foundations of the political thought of contemporary traditionalists. Relying on a metaphysical perspective grounded in the "Perennial Philosophy," traditionalists present a distinctive, multidimensional, and hierarchical conception of the human being that directly and decisively influences their political theory. Employing a descriptive-analytical method and drawing on Quentin Skinner’s methodological framework for analyzing political discourses, this paper demonstrates how key anthropological doctrines such as the "Perfect Human," "ontological hierarchy," "greater jihad," and "intuitive intellect" stand in fundamental opposition to the anthropological foundations of modernity, which are based on individualism, instrumental rationality, quantitative equality, and secular humanism. The result of this perspective is a radical rejection of modern political systems such as liberal democracy and secularism, proposing an alternative theory under the title of "guardianship of the philosopher-mystic" or traditional governance based on sharia and wisdom. This research seeks to explore the intellectual framework of traditionalists not as a marginal discourse but as a serious metaphysical alternative to the dominant Western political paradigm. Ultimately, by delving into critical analyses, the paper addresses the central question of whether this theory, despite its metaphysical depth and critical power, can provide a practical and executable response to the complex challengesof the contemporary world or whether its role is limited to serving as an ideal standard anda tool for radical critique of modernity. The final evaluation indicates that traditionalism, despite its unparalleled critical strength, faces practical challenges such as the issue of identifying the "Perfect Human," its applicability in complex and multicultural modern societies, and a profound internal paradox (elitist humanism). Therefore, its primary value lies not as an operational political program buas a metaphysical "reminder" and a radical "critical standard" for assessing the decline of the modern world and reviving a sacred perspective on politics and human life.